Com esta actividade pretende-se que os alunos adquiram a noção da diversidade de espécies existentes no planeta, das diferenças e semelhanças que existem entre estas e percebam que as suas características reflectem a sua história evolutiva.
Para tal, os alunos foram convidados a formar grupos de espécies de acordo com as suas características e a justificar as suas escolhas. Foram depois convidados a agrupar os grupos anteriormente formados e a repetirem este processo até ficarem com um único grupo. Os agrupamentos feitos pelos alunos foram posteriormente representados no quadro sob a forma de árvore.
Os alunos estabeleceram de imediato a ligação entre a árvore produzida pelos agrupamentos hierárquicos e uma árvore genealógica. Após a discussão gerada por esta comparação, os alunos foram capazes de perceber que as semelhanças entre as espécies reflectem o seu grau de parentesco evolutivo e o tempo passado desde o ancestral comum entre ambas. Neste âmbito, discutiu-se ainda de que forma os mecanismos de selecção natural e deriva genética poderiam produzir duas espécies distintas a partir de uma mesma espécie.
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This activity was developed so that students could understand that the diversity of species that we nowadays observe results from a long process of evolution and that their features reflect their evolutionary history.
In order to achieve these goals, photos from several animal and plant species were presented to the students and they were asked to form groups of two species that were more similar to each other than to any other species. The rationale for forming each group were discussed with the entire class and registered. The students were then asked to make groups of the previously formed groups using the same grouping criteria. This procedure was repeated until all the species were joined in a single group. This hierarchical grouping was represented as an evolutionary tree and the students were then asked about the reason for the hierarchical distribution of species similarities.
The students immediately compared the evolutionary tree drawn to the genealogical trees they had already drawn and this comparison allowed them to understand that the species similarities depended on the time passed since they shared their last common ancestral. The evolution and divergence of species through time and the role of genetic drift and natural selection on this process was then explained and discussed with the students.